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Lesson 40
Time, Conditions & Regrets
B1

If &When

First conditional · unless · as soon as · until · before I go

60 min Real future

Your level · You are here

  1. A0/A1Beginner
  2. A1/A2Elementary
  3. A2/B1Pre-Intermediate
  4. B1/B1+Intermediate
  5. B2Upper-Intermediate
  6. C1Advanced
  7. C2Proficiency

Get Talking · Section 1

5 min

Start the conversation

reflection
A promise you made

What's a promise you've made recently that starts with 'If…' or 'As soon as…'? Did you keep it?

discussion
A warning you give

What warning do you often give someone — a child, a colleague, a friend? ('If you don't…, you'll…')

activity
Tonight's plan

What will you do as soon as this lesson finishes? What will you do before you go to bed?

Grammar · Section 2

8–10 min

First conditional + future time clauses

Quick rule

IF/WHEN/UNTIL/AS SOON AS/BEFORE/AFTER + PRESENT (never 'will') — the WILL goes in the other clause.

How it works
  • The FIRST CONDITIONAL talks about a REAL, LIKELY future situation: IF + present simple, ...
  • WILL + infinitive. 'If it rains, we'll cancel the picnic.' The 'if' clause uses the PRESENT even though the meaning is future — this is the single biggest error area.
  • UNLESS means 'if not': 'Unless you leave now, you'll miss the train' = 'If you don't leave now...'.
  • FUTURE TIME CLAUSES work the same way: after WHEN, AS SOON AS, UNTIL, BEFORE, AFTER, ONCE, the verb stays in the PRESENT even though the meaning is future. 'I'll call you WHEN I ARRIVE' (not 'when I will arrive'). 'Wait HERE UNTIL I COME back.' 'As soon as she FINISHES, we'll leave.' The main clause takes 'will' (or an imperative, or 'can/should'); the time/condition clause never does.
  • Both clause orders are fine, but a comma is needed only when the if/time clause comes first: 'If you're late, I'll start without you.' / 'I'll start without you if you're late.'
When to use
  • A real, likely future condition — 'If it rains, we'll stay in.'
  • A negative condition with 'unless' — 'Unless you hurry, you'll be late.'
  • Sequencing future actions — 'I'll call as soon as I arrive.'
  • A future deadline or limit — 'Wait until I text you.'
  • A future action just before/after another — 'Before you leave, lock the door.'
If/When-clause (present) + main clause (will)
If / When / Unless / As soon asconjunction
you finish,present simple
I'll help you.will + infinitive

e.g. As soon as you finish, I'll help you.

Compare
Clause typeVerb formExample
if / unless clausepresent simpleIf you leave now, ...
main (result) clausewill + infinitive... you'll catch the bus.
when / as soon as clausepresent simpleAs soon as I arrive, ...
until / before / after clausepresent simpleWait until I call.
In action

If you don't book now, the tickets will sell out.

Unless it rains, we'll have the barbecue outside.

I'll text you as soon as I land.

We won't leave until everyone arrives.

Before you go, can you check the door's locked?

Once you finish the report, send it straight to me.

Common mistake

Not this

If it will rain, we'll cancel the picnic.

Say this

If it rains, we'll cancel the picnic.

Never use 'will' straight after if/when/until/as soon as/before/after — even though the meaning is future, the verb stays present.

Memory tip

'WILL waits its turn' — it only appears in the RESULT clause, never in the IF/WHEN clause.

Natural English

In fast speech, 'as soon as' often sounds like 'soon as' and 'until' can sound like 'til' — both are fine informally, but write them in full.

Step 1 — Build the sentences yourself

Conversation Builder
Say it naturally

Build the sentence → spot the natural chunks → say it aloud → reply like a real conversation.

1.Rebuild the sentence — then say it aloud.

Step 1 · Build
Tap words below to build the sentence…

2.Rebuild the sentence — then say it aloud.

Step 1 · Build
Tap words below to build the sentence…

3.Rebuild the sentence — then say it aloud.

Step 1 · Build
Tap words below to build the sentence…

4.Rebuild the sentence — then say it aloud.

Step 1 · Build
Tap words below to build the sentence…

Step 2 — Produce the form from memory

Sentence transformation
Say it naturally

There isn't one "right" answer — write a natural version, then compare with the model.

Q1.Best completion: 'Before you ____, check the door.'

Answer all items, then check — or reveal the answers if you're stuck.

Step 3 — Check your choices

Question 1.Which is correct?

Question 2.Which correctly uses 'unless'?

Question 3.Which is the correct future time clause?

Question 4.Which sentence means 'wait for a limit before stopping'?

Answer all items, then check — or reveal the answers if you're stuck.

Vocabulary · Section 3

5–7 min

Words & phrases to learn

1

As soon as

immediately after / the moment that

In context

"I'll email you as soon as I hear back."

Now try it yourself

Say what you'll do as soon as this lesson ends.

2

Unless

if not; except if

In context

"We'll go ahead unless something changes."

Now try it yourself

Give a warning to a classmate using 'unless'.

3

Sell out

for tickets/products to be all sold

In context

"The concert tickets sold out in ten minutes."

Now try it yourself

Talk about something that sold out that you wanted to buy.

4

Fall through

for a plan to fail to happen

In context

"Our holiday plans fell through at the last minute."

Now try it yourself

Describe a plan that fell through for you.

5

Postpone

delay something to a later time

In context

"We'll have to postpone the meeting until Friday."

Now try it yourself

Use 'postpone' about something you delayed recently.

6

Deadline

the latest time by which something must be done

In context

"The deadline for the application is Friday."

Now try it yourself

Name a deadline you're currently facing.

7

Show up

arrive, appear

In context

"If she doesn't show up by six, we'll start without her."

Now try it yourself

Use 'show up' about someone who is often late.

8

Get in touch

contact someone

In context

"I'll get in touch as soon as I know the result."

Now try it yourself

Say who you'll get in touch with this week and why.

Make it yours
Use the new words

Pick at least three words from above and use each one in a sentence about your real life. Say each one aloud before you write.

Quick exchange

Ask your teacher (or a partner) a question that uses one of today's words. They reply using a different word.

Ranking

Rank today's words from most to least useful for you this week. Defend your top choice.

Opinion

Finish: "Honestly, I'd say…" using one of today's words.

Tip: aim to reuse at least two of these words later in the Speaking and Writing tasks.

Categorise
Sort by category.
Answer all items, then check — or reveal the answers if you're stuck.
Matching
Match each phrase to its meaning.

Tap an item on the left, then tap its match on the right.

Answer all items, then check — or reveal the answers if you're stuck.

Pronunciation · Section 4

3–4 min

Contracted 'will' (I'll, we'll, you'll) and weak 'as' in 'as soon as'

In natural speech, 'will' almost always contracts after pronouns: 'I'll', 'we'll', 'you'll', 'she'll', 'they'll' — the full form 'I will' sounds formal or emphatic. In 'as soon as', both instances of 'as' are weak (/əz/): 'əz SOON əz I ARrive'. 'Unless' has stress on the second syllable: unLESS. 'Until' is also stressed on the second syllable: unTIL.

  • • əz SOON əz I LAND, I'll TEXT you
  • • unLESS it RAINS, we'll GO
  • • we WON'T LEAVE unTIL everyone ARrives
  • • beFORE you GO, CHECK the DOOR

Reading · Section 5

8–10 min

The conditional life of a wedding planner

Priya has planned weddings for eleven years, and she says the job is really just a long chain of 'if' clauses. 'If it rains, we'll move the ceremony under the marquee. If the marquee floods, we'll move it into the barn. If the barn's double-booked, we'll rent a second one — but that only happens unless we've planned properly in the first place.' Every plan she makes has a backup plan, and every backup has its own condition attached.

The hardest part, she says, isn't the weather — it's timing. 'As soon as the ceremony finishes, the caterers need forty minutes before the food's ready. Until they're ready, the guests need somewhere to be, doing something, so they don't just stand around getting hungry and awkward. Before the speeches start, everyone needs a drink in hand. After the first dance, the band needs exactly enough time to swap the playlist.' Priya works entirely in sequences: this happens, then that happens, then the next thing happens — and if one link breaks, the whole chain shifts.

What surprised her most, starting out, was how much of the job is managing expectations with conditional promises. 'I never say “it'll be perfect”. I say, “If the weather holds, you'll have the outdoor ceremony you want. Unless something unexpected comes up, everything will run exactly to the timeline.” People need honesty more than certainty.'

Her favourite trick, after all these years, is a single sentence she gives every couple: 'Unless you tell me otherwise, I'll assume the plan we agreed is final — so if anything changes, get in touch with me as soon as possible, and I'll adjust before it's too late.' It's a first conditional and two future time clauses in one breath, and it has saved, she reckons, at least a dozen weddings from disaster.

Step 1 — Read for the overall picture: true or false?

True / False
Decide if each statement is True or False

Q1.The text says Priya always promises couples a perfect day.

Q2.The text says the caterers need about forty minutes after the ceremony before food is ready.

Answer all items, then check — or reveal the answers if you're stuck.

Step 2 — Find the evidence and answer

Question 1.According to Priya, what happens if the marquee floods?

Question 2.What does Priya say the hardest part of the job is?

Answer all items, then check — or reveal the answers if you're stuck.
Sentence transformation
Say it naturally

There isn't one "right" answer — write a natural version, then compare with the model.

Q1.Why does Priya avoid saying 'it'll be perfect'? (answer in a few words)

Q2.What does the text suggest about Priya's favourite sentence to couples? (answer in a few words)

Answer all items, then check — or reveal the answers if you're stuck.

Listening · Section 6

8–10 min

Planning a weekend trip that might not go smoothly

Listening audio

Tap play to listen. Replay as many times as you need.

Show transcript

Dan:So if the weather's good on Saturday, shall we do the coastal walk?

Ella:Yes — but unless the forecast changes, it's supposed to rain until midday.

Dan:Okay, so as soon as it clears up, we'll head out. If it's still raining by one, we'll just do the museum instead.

Ella:Sounds good. And before we leave the house, we need to check the tide times — the walk's dangerous unless the tide's out.

Dan:Right, I'll check that tonight. What about Sunday?

Ella:If Saturday goes well, let's just relax on Sunday. But if we end up stuck inside all day Saturday, we'll need a proper plan for Sunday instead.

Dan:Fair. I'll book the museum tickets now, just in case, and I'll cancel them if we don't need them.

Ella:Good idea. Oh, and once you've booked those, can you check if the café's open? We won't manage the walk unless we've eaten first.

Dan:Will do. I'll text you as soon as I've sorted both.

Ella:Perfect. And if anything falls through, just let me know straight away, before I make other plans.

Dan:Will do. Actually — until we know the tide times, maybe don't tell your parents we're definitely coming for lunch on Sunday.

Ella:Good call. I'll wait until we've confirmed everything before I say anything to them.

Step 1 — Listen and notice the language

Step 2 — Listen again and complete the notes

Question 1.What will Dan and Ella do if it's still raining by one o'clock?

Question 2.What does Ella say they must check before leaving the house?

Answer all items, then check — or reveal the answers if you're stuck.
Sentence transformation
Say it naturally

There isn't one "right" answer — write a natural version, then compare with the model.

Q1.Why does Dan suggest not telling Ella's parents they're 'definitely' coming for lunch? (answer in a few words)

Q2.What can we infer about Dan's approach to planning from booking museum tickets 'just in case'? (answer in a few words)

Answer all items, then check — or reveal the answers if you're stuck.

Question 1.Which phrase does Ella use to mean 'they can't do the walk without eating first'?

Answer all items, then check — or reveal the answers if you're stuck.

Exam tip · Section 7

5 min

Speaking — Cambridge B1 Preliminary Part 3 & Writing informal email

Task

Describe a plan for a future event (a trip, a party, a work project) that has at least two possible outcomes. Use at least 4 first conditionals and 3 future time clauses (when/as soon as/until/before/after).

Strategy

Contingency plans are a natural, high-scoring way to use this grammar. (1) State the main plan with a time clause: 'As soon as we arrive, we'll check in.' (2) Add a real condition: 'If it's fully booked, we'll try the other hotel.' (3) Use 'unless' at least once for variety — examiners notice it. (4) Sequence with until/before/after. (5) Keep every if/when/until clause in the present tense — this is the single most checked accuracy point at this level.

Example

As soon as we land, we'll head straight to the hotel. If the room's not ready, we'll leave our bags and go for lunch. We won't check the museum tickets until we've confirmed the room, because unless we're sure of the times, we might double-book something. Before we go out on the first night, we'll check the weather — if it's cold, we'll take a different route to the restaurant. Once we've settled in, I think the whole trip will run pretty smoothly.

Practice · Section 8

8–10 min

Fill in the blank

Step 1 — Retrieve it from memory first

Sentence transformation
Say it naturally

There isn't one "right" answer — write a natural version, then compare with the model.

Q1.Write a first conditional sentence about tomorrow's weather.

Q2.Write a sentence with 'unless' giving a warning.

Q3.Write a sentence with 'as soon as' about your plans today.

Q4.Write a sentence with 'before' or 'after' about your evening routine.

Answer all items, then check — or reveal the answers if you're stuck.

Step 2 — Now check your choices

Question 1.If it ____ tomorrow, we'll cancel the picnic.

Question 2.I'll call you as soon as I ____ home.

Question 3.Unless you ____ now, you'll miss the train.

Question 4.We won't start ____ everyone arrives.

Question 5.____ you go, can you lock the door?

Answer all items, then check — or reveal the answers if you're stuck.

Writing · Section 9

5 min

Put it in writing

Your task

Write a 140–170 word informal email to a friend explaining your plans for next weekend, including at least one problem that could arise. Use at least 5 first conditionals and future time clauses (if/unless/when/as soon as/until/before/after), and 5 lesson vocabulary items.

Your answer

Your work saves automatically

0 words

Show model answer

Hi Marta, So here's the plan for Saturday. If the weather's decent, we'll do the coastal walk in the morning — but unless the forecast improves, it might be too wet, so we've got the museum as a backup. As soon as we know for sure, I'll message the group. Before we leave, we need to check the tide times, because the walk isn't safe unless the tide's out. If it falls through completely, we'll just meet at the café instead and decide from there. Once we've sorted Saturday, I think Sunday will be easier — we'll relax until lunchtime and then head back. If anything changes before then, I'll get in touch straight away, so keep your phone on you. Let me know if that all works for you — and unless I hear otherwise, I'll assume you're coming! Speak soon, Dan

Speaking · Section 10

10–15 min

Make it a real conversation

Role-play 'Planning something with a backup plan' — a trip, a party, a work event. Discuss what will happen under different conditions, using at least 4 first conditionals and 3 future time clauses. One person should raise a possible problem; the other should propose a backup plan.

Useful phrases

  • • If [X] happens, we'll…
  • • Unless [X], we'll…
  • • As soon as we know, I'll…
  • • We won't… until…
  • • Before/after we…, we should…

Speaking reflection & notes

Your work saves automatically

0 words

Dialogue completion
Choose the most natural reply.
  • AWhat if it rains on the day of the picnic?
  • B_______________
  • AAnd when should we tell everyone the final plan?
  • B_______________
  • AShould we book the indoor space just in case?
  • B_______________
Answer all items, then check — or reveal the answers if you're stuck.

Homework · Section 11

Take-home

Take it home

writing

Write 8 first conditional sentences about realistic plans for next month, using unless in at least 2 of them.

speaking

Speak for 90 seconds describing your typical Saturday, using at least 4 future time clauses (when/as soon as/until/before/after).

listening

Find or record a short weather forecast and note down every conditional or time clause structure you hear.

Homework notes

Your work saves automatically

0 words

Recap · Section 12

2–3 min

What you've learned

  • First conditional: IF + present simple, ... WILL + infinitive — for real, likely futures.
  • UNLESS = if not; never use a negative verb after unless ('unless you hurry', not 'unless you don't hurry').
  • After WHEN / AS SOON AS / UNTIL / BEFORE / AFTER / ONCE, use the PRESENT tense even with future meaning.
  • WILL only appears in the main/result clause, never in the if/time clause.
  • Comma needed when the if/time clause comes first; not needed when it comes second.

Extra Practice

Need more practice?

Practise the grammar, vocabulary and speaking from this lesson.

Extra Practice · Lesson 40